cool driver

State Grid, Chinese company Sinopec, CNOOC, China Putian, etc., have in the loading stations and cars electric energy supply network, to extend the schema

En route to the main stadium of Shenzhen Universiade Lung Cheung Road junction, one marked “Dayun Center for Electric Vehicle Charging Station” from the vertical card, which attracts the passage of vehicles. That just ended soon, China Southern Power Grid million yuan investment, the charging station project, which is the servant Studio 1535 battery
Stock movements associated
  
Sinopec 11.31-0.18-1.57% Dongfeng Motor Otter 6.08-0.16-2.56% Xun 33.56-1.04-3.01% of the largest to date, the charging station for the car service.

Although the right side of the station was charging five cells, two large cargo aircraft, but in the “first financial daily” press the presence of a half-hour, without a car here, “stop to rest . Universiade Some are equipped with electric vehicles has not yet begun operations, but there are electric cars in the city of Shenzhen companies and individuals are also very low.

China Southern Power Grid outside said Shenzhen has built a 134 battery charge. Shenzhen municipal government has also been demonstrated by individuals in the drive to test electric cars BYD, 372772-001 , the loading unit is located in Shenzhen Citizens Center, Department of Transportation and other units around.

While the load current station doors to cold, but comparable to the China Southern Power Grid charging facilities that intend to develop, areas growing, suggesting charge mode of electric vehicles on the site will probably main direction for the future, but to replace the battery model has been caught in a difficult situation as the names of passive situation.

Ultimately the future of electric vehicles will be home like adding gasoline costs the same, it will take a line similar to batteries for mobile phones, the market is still confused.

Method of Loading: practice, lack of compatibility

In the eyes of BYD, charging stations will be the future of the ordinary.

Journalists in BYD (1211.HK) have also seen a big factory, charging stations, although the appearance of power plants in Shenzhen Universiade Center, the difference was not large, but only one internal facilities loading.

Charging station is a villa of the family is the proposed model - “In the future village.” 2 villas are not only wind, solar and network system shipped, and the villas have their streets between a row of pile load.

BYD Public Relations Manager Yang Zhao told reporters that piles up and charging stations primarily to support the existing company electric vehicles. “Iron Phosphate lithium batteries installed in the chassis of the electric car, it does not go down. Even if they are designed to be removed, and it is also too heavy for car owners, because the 100 cells the composition of the batteries of electric vehicles, there are several 10 kg. ” pa3285u-2bas

In the “BYD future of the village, the area in the heap can be made available to owners of charging burden, the burden of son normally takes 8 hours. This is called a” charge slow. “Fast” charge method is applied to the charging station in the streets, petrol stations, parking lots and other major public facilities, office and used to meet temporary power electric cars . Compared to replace the battery to be more comfortable.

However, journalists at the center of Shenzhen for the charging stations Dayun discovered a detail: 7 charging device interfaces are not the same, Ott Xun three series load cells and batteries 2 BYD perception as well as the interface device load, but another Austrian largest shippers Xun special charger and BYD, the interface is completely different.

According to reports, the BYD E6 charger against their electric vehicles at a separate location, facilities Ott Xun are not compatible with E6.

Replace the battery mode: cheap, bulky lifting management

Long been engaged in research on electric vehicles professor at Beijing Institute of Technology Lin Cheng told reporters, charging interface device, the agreement is to find ways to unify, but replace the battery model will have new problems and can not be unified.

Such as the use of each brand of battery electric vehicles are not the same product specifications. Pure electric vehicle market, BYD’s F3E, Lotus, Jing Yue use iron phosphate and lithium polymer batteries. Electric city bus, the Metropolitan Transit bus with lithium-manganese, Xiamen Golden Dragon to use lead-acid batteries, Dongfeng Motor EQ6122HEV nickel hydrogen batteries.

Also, replace the battery model are difficult to maintain the existence of the latter part of management.  thinkpad t40 battery  , For example, a charging station, the need for someone will also install a variety of car batteries (battery technology handling is not as simple as filling), and staff must know how to maintain these May be there is Caixing spare battery.

Beijing Power Supply Association Deputy Secretary-General Qian Guoliang country was even behind the battery model for industry experts. He said: “Once the standard lithium batteries will be united, like a cell phone replacement battery, like all manufacturers of lithium batteries may participate, provided they meet the technical standards on the line.”

Replace the battery advantage of this model is that it can solve the relatively high price of the phenomenon of electric vehicles. Because the cost basis of electric vehicles is the lithium battery (which represents half the total cost or higher).

If replacing the battery mode, then the car plant as long as car sales naked on the line, and power network operators ready for a new battery chamber of commerce available to owners of rental. Zhejiang Zhong-tai car being tested on this model. Many buses running in Beijing, also used for battery mode.

Warlords battle for the throne

From these comparisons above, the charge mode and replace the battery mode of strengths and weaknesses, but increasing the compatibility of interface charge, the battery on the specifications of the product uniqueness of the problem by almost unanimous.

Method of Loading and replacing the battery model in May in future go hand in hand,  btp-63d1  , but complementary electric vehicles and power of others is also likely to occur.

10 members of the defenders, call the hotline to reflect Mr. Wang in his glory of the Enlightenment was a great market to buy electric tricycle, when business commitment to the warranty period the battery is 18 months could be the car to roll in less than two months, the battery was bad, now, as much as half of the battery is only found in old batteries. gk479

Members of the public, Mr. Wang said that the car he bought in July 2009, riding less than two months, the battery, the bad, and not simply riding. Two days before the holding of a battery to be repaired, to find their own batteries of electric vehicles have two new batteries, two batteries. “The businessmen have begun to call a battery protection 18 months, and subsequently asked manufacturers to produce batteries after the battery is the insurance for one year.” A Mr. Wang said, electric cars are not in the correct order is impossible, and fear the most is the merchant is not a problem responsible for maintenance, so now to buy electric cars must consider the after sales service.

March 10, this reporter visited the urban area, a dozen people to electric tricycle found that their commitment to diverse, some vendors have said: “We are all country includes three bags.sony vgp-bps2 ,  Referred to the main components of the warranty period A merchant told reporters that the protection of the battery of one year of automobile insurance for three years, in the case of a guarantee of quality problems, new ones can be free, and others are conform to the warranty card on the electric vehicle requirements. Other activities have been promised the protection of the battery 15 months, auto insurance for five years. Search Report to the warranty card found in electric vehicles, batteries are guaranteed for one year, supply is guaranteed for three years. “How does the warranty card is not in compliance with the above requirements?” In this regard, the traders said that the protection of the battery is 15 months based on the date of the plant operator, while the one-year commitment to safety is based on the date of sale viable. Traders were also told reporters that the battery is based on “pre-post-7 8″ warranty, which is at the factory after the first 8 months will be free for consumers to replace the new battery, blog , at the plant after the first 9 months of the first 15 months, then maintenance of the consumer to replace the battery.

The reporter learned from the business sector to understand that electric cars are currently no unified “three guarantees” provided that consumers buy cars before the warranty card and examine closely the extent and duration of Guarantee does not believe in the verbal commitment to the company. In addition, thinkpad r52 battery ,  consumers to businesses to request an invoice if there is no evidence, only a verbal agreement, poor protection of consumer rights.

Rising gasoline prices and increased consumer awareness of green has been the global automotive industry to review its training system power, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles has now become (HEV) application technology come to the forefront.

    Analysts said that the face of near-zero emissions from the point of view, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) battery with 2015 sales of lithium is expected to more than 500 million U.S. dollars. gw240，g1947

    Currently, Rockwood Holdings, Chile, Quimicay Sociedad Minera (SQM) and FMC Corporation is the world’s leading manufacturer of lithium, the effectiveness of lithium to be due to many new applications.

    1. Lithium For development prospects ion

    Lithium in the application of lithium-ion is confirmed. The first phase of cell phone applications, each cell needs to use about 1 / 10 ounce of lithium carbonate. The second step is the demand of laptops, mobile phones require the use of lithium carbonate is about 10 times the amount used.

    Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) use of lithium batteries for laptop computers must use lithium-lithium 100 times.

    The lithium-ion batteries should be the performance of the HEV to play a key plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using the combustion engine and two electric propulsion systems. HEV, including plug-in hybrid (PHEV), the system used by combustion engines, because there is enough electricity for storage can be powered by battery, a certain distance.sony vgp-bps8a ,  In addition, the pure electric vehicle (EV) does not define the combustion engine, rely on battery electric drives. The lithium-ion batteries is expected to enable the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) price and performance to natural gas powered cars comparable.

    Although Nickel - Metal Hydride has been applied to most of HEV batteries, but lithium-ion battery and compared to the manufacture of chemicals, plants larger and smaller. Toyota Prius hybrid electric cars common to nickel - metal hydride-powered. Toyota said that by 2010, hybrid sales of 1 million years.

    Chemical manufacturers to invest in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), there is potential for development. Rockwood company has developed a proprietary technology of lithium salts driver, as driver lithium battery can help to overcome some challenges. SQM with Europe, Japan, Korea and the United States, the leading manufacturer of cathode business alliance created to develop automotive lithium-ion batteries.

    However, the automotive industry in the mass production of hybrid electric vehicles are still at the initial stage, the lithium battery car is still very low. The strong growth in other end user demand and the prices just continue to support the application of lithium.

    Bank of America, Kevin McCarthy, according to forecasts, sales of lithium 2015 HEV will approximately 6 billion dollars. Analysis, HEV lithium there are more opportunities for long-term development. It is estimated that by 2010 sales of approximately one million hybrid electric vehicles, will double annual sales by 2015. Bank of America, toshiba tecra a7 battery  , Kevin McCarthy expects operating income in 2015 consumption of lithium batteries account for almost half of batteries pure electric vehicles in 2007 will be the total amount of lithium is less than 1% increase in sales business in 2015 was 1 / 4.

    Rockwood company in 2007 by lithium carbonate, lithium metal and lithium compounds from total operating revenues of approximately 4.5 billion U.S. dollars. FMC 2007 sales of 210 million U.S. lithium. Rockwood and similar to FMC products of lithium carbonate and special common lithium products downstream. SQM is the world’s leading manufacturer of lithium carbonate, which came in 2007 from lithium and lithium derivatives revenues of 179.8 million U.S. dollars.

    Batteries, and medical end-users together accounted for on the supply of lithium Rockwood 40%. Analysts estimate that the short term, demand for lithium in the pharmaceutical sector will be affected mainly by strong demand for butyl lithium and other battery applications of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate and stimulate request.

    Production of lithium carbonate consumption in HEV cases showed a high demand there is no double-digit rates. In 2007, nearly 20% of demand growth is expected in the medium term will continue to be above 10% rate.

    In most applications the battery, the rapid increase in the medium term are presented in the grease lubricants lithium hydroxide, glass and glass-melting material with lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate and d ‘ other air conditioning systems.

    With lithium-ion HEV Powered accelerate the commercial market, the battery company Johnson Controls-Saft was in January 2007 in France, a large-scale production of the world’s leading manufacturer of batteries for hybrid electric vehicles production, and has been with Mercedes hybrid electric vehicle company signed class supply lithium-ion battery contracts, a1175 , a1185  , hybrid electric vehicles in the class of commercial production in early 2009. NEC Electronics Japan, the annual production in 2009 is 13,000 lithium-ion batteries by 2010 expansion to 6.5 million units, to apply to hybrid electric vehicles Nissan.

    Some car manufacturers use lithium-ion battery powered hybrid electric vehicle program developed. Tesla Motors has been the United States in March 2008 to begin production in 2008 Tesla Roadster electric hybrid vehicles, we will launch the 2009 model. Toyota and Matsushita joint venture Panasonic EV Energy Company in 2009 vehicle production limited to lithium-ion batteries in 2010, transition to mass production.

    A number of other manufacturers of lithium ion, including LG, South Korea Company, Chemical, Society and the South Korean Hyundai Motor Company has signed a contract with effect from July 2009 to Accent Hybrid distribution of electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries. PHEV Saturn and General Motors Volt EV mass production in 2010. Sanyo Electric Company will begin production of 1.5 ~ 20000 / year on lithium-ion battery for HEV use in 2011. Volkswagen, hybrid electric cars in 2010 using the Sanyo Electric Company-technology lithium ion batteries.

    2009 lithium-ion rechargeable battery market was formally established. fpcbp121ap  , This is because in Japan and the automakers abroad have started in the cars on the use of lithium-ion battery. Domestic manufacturers in Japan, Toyota Motor, Fuji Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors has decided to adopt, while in Europe and the United States, Daimler also said that the adoption. In addition, Nissan, Germany, Audi, General Motors is also ready to adopt in 2010.

    Decided hybrids (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EV) performance of rechargeable batteries, most of the more significant changes occur. The reason is that Toyota, Nissan, automakers top of Japan have since introduced in 2009 models with lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

    Objects involved in HEV, EV, plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and other areas. Toyota has announced it will start a subsidiary in 2009 - Panasonic EV Energy production in small batches for the hybrid rechargeable lithium-ion battery, started mass production in 2010.

    In 2000, “Tino hybrid” style on the first lithium-ion battery is equipped with Nissan, also in 2010 with mass production of lithium-ion rechargeable HEV and EV. HEV due to the back of four-wheelers motor, the current transmission has been made public, and tap into the luggage compartment is equipped with a lithium-ion battery. These batteries will be Nissan and NEC, NEC Dong-Jin, a joint venture Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) provides.

    In addition to Toyota, Nissan, other major providers are also required to use the lithium-ion battery. Fuji Heavy Industries, mass production scheduled in 2009 to “Plugin Stella Concept” for the prototype EV, Nissan will be the same car using batteries manufactured AESC. In addition, Mitsubishi Motors will also purchase and GS Yuasa Corporation (GS Yuasa), as a joint venture between Lithium Energy Japan (LEJ) Batteries manufactured in 2009, mass production of EV “i MiEV”. btp-63d1 

    Honda plans new models of HEV further in 2009 and 2010 in the “Fit” in additional HEV models, but has not yet shown that in general the use of lithium-ion HEV battery. However, the company in November 2008 in Japan began to rent vehicles to hybrid fuel cell “FCX Clarity” is equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery, replacing the capacitor has been used before.

    In foreign manufacturers, the Volkswagen Group in Germany is planned for 2010 Audi Announces HEV, the lithium-ion batteries, Sanyo Electric will mass production in 2009. The decision of General Motors on the HEV market in 2010, lithium-ion batteries will also Hitachi Vehicle Energy (Hitachi Vehicle Energy) for mass production by the end of 2009.

    2. Lithium continued expansion of production capacity

    Rockwood, SQM, FMC and production companies lithium accounted for about 3 / 4, some of China’s lithium production of small producers account for about 1 / 4. SQM produces about 35% of the global supply of lithium carbonate. Rockwood Corporation, through its business unit of specialty chemicals Chemetall produces about 30% of lithium carbonate on the planet, while the production accounts of FMC for approximately 5% ~ 10%.

    In 2009, the world’s resources in lithium consumption of 8 million tonnes, is expected to five years later, the United States alone 10 million lithium-electric cars, the demand would consume resources of 100,000 tons of lithium. Since 2005, the soaring price of lithium over 10 million yuan per tonne in November 2009 rose to over 60 million yuan per tonne.

    In 2008, production of lithium in the world (equivalent lithium carbonate) estimated at 8 million tons / year. The status quo of the global industry of lithium carbonate, the threshold of significant resources, capacity is highly concentrated. At the end of 2008, global demand for lithium carbonate for a total of approximately 95,000 tons, a major international manufacturers have SQM in Chile, the United States and Germany, the total capacity Chemtall CME year of 79,000 tons, powerbook g4 15 inch battery  , representing 80% of global market share. The large-scale production of lithium carbonate as the company needs to have reserves of lithium resources are more abundant in salt lake resources, mineral rights, which makes the resources of industry with higher barriers to entry, on the other hand, the vast majority of the world’s resources are high in salt magnesium low base of lithium, and high-Mg low separation of brine lithium carbonate lithium technology process purification is very difficult to control before such technology is only a few hands of foreign companies, making the industry of lithium carbonate, but also provides many technical obstacles. Therefore, lithium carbonate has created the oligopoly structure of global industry.

    Lithium mainly from three suppliers, “Lithium Triangle” (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile) to produce brine deposits of lithium. SQM and companies Rockwood Salar de Atacama region of Chile production of lithium, the advantage of lithium at high concentrations and high evaporation rate in the production process may be using solar energy. In addition to outside of South America, companies are Rockwood U. S. Silver Peak, Nevada, brine produced by lithium.

    FMC Corporation from Salar de Hombre Muerto in Argentina storage brine produced lithium, a filtration process, filtering process faster but more expensive than other processes.

    Previously, Li Li-Hui career sediment extract. Through this process, however, occur because purity is low, requiring several extraction steps and is energy-intensive process. China is now used only from spodumene to produce a large number of lithium carbonate.

    Storage Capacity of South America is increasing. SQM is now the production capacity of lithium carbonate from 3 million tons / year in the third quarter of 2008, expanded to nearly 4 million tons / year. If market demand is strong, it will be extended to be able to 6 million tons / year.

    Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia has a lithium-store approximately 550 million tons.

    Admiralty Resources Inc. plans to develop north of Rincon Salara Argentina extended extraction brine, the mine has an equivalent of lithium carbonate from 10.5 thousand tons. All offers World production of lithium carbonate is about 20%. The goal now is to start production in 2009. 50 tons / year average system was commissioned in April 2008.

    Currently the “Li-triangle” of production of lithium is always a great advantage of economic cost. However, higher prices contribute to the development of lithium storage outside of South America. Nordic Mining Company of Norway through the acquisition of lithium-development projects in Finland, Europe’s leading lithium carbonate for industrial battery manufacturers. The company expects production in 2013 in Finland, 3300 tons / year of lithium carbonate. Esmeralda County, inspiron 6400 battery , Nevada, United States, presented the perspectives for the development of the mine brine lithium, the Black Pearl will be developed in mining companies, including California, Nevada and Utah, Great Basin, which mine brine lithium.

    The first 20 years, Chinese manufacturers have also implemented this increase. China in 2007, total global market for lithium is about 1 / 4. 2 to 5 years, China will be able to significantly increase its production capacity is expected to have more than doubled.

    Lithium-ion source of raw materials in our very extensive. China is one of resources of lithium in the world, the power, especially in the salt lake in Qinghai and Tibet, a large number of lithium resources, development of Salt Lake, not only low-cost lithium - ion to provide raw materials, but also conducive to the development of the western region. At the same time, manganese, iron, vanadium and phosphorus rich resources in China. Synchronous motor permanent magnet with a small size, light weight and high performance features, but China is a large country of rare earth permanent magnetic materials for lithium-electric cars, provided that the hardware warranty.

    China has been found in the Qaidam Basin, mine brine lithium, but the concentration of the brine mining Chinese small, so that China-made lithium-price the company SQM, and Rockwood doubled.

    Lithium Salt Lake in the independent R & D, which provides technology and production process of magnesium on the basis of a number of large industrial enterprises in China in recent years in the depths of the Qaidam Basin Zabuye Salt Lake and start build lithium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and other chemicals production base. latitude d800 battery , The current national production companies lithium carbonate mainly in Tibet, mining, CITIC Guoan, Western Mining Group, Qinghai Salt Lake Group, the four companies, while the extraction of Tibet CITIC Guoan accounted for the vast majority, the two companies in 2008, lithium carbonate Total production over 4000 tons.

    October 12, 2009, Japan, Toyota Tsusho Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Toyota Tsusho) and China CITIC Guoan Information Industry Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as CITIC Guoan) have signed a letter of intent, both parties will cooperate in the production and sale of battery lithium carbonate grade and downstream products. Toyota Tsusho is the Toyota Group in automotive related company trading business, CITIC Guoan is a subsidiary of listed company CITIC Group, the West has now taijnar Qinghai Salt Lake, an area of 570 square kilometers, is a lithium liquid based mining of large deposits of lithium carbonate in resources highlighted. This is another signal that the competition was a new energy vehicles to advance upstream resources.

    China’s Tibet Autonomous Region of the Economic Commission announced in late August 2008, Tibet will expand the resource base of the largest of China Lithium Zabuye Salt Lake, their investments will reach 1.084 billion yuan. After completion of the project, annual sales revenue of 639 million yuan, profits and taxes 200 million yuan. The expansion project would be a lithium salt and 5,000 tons / year based on the construction of the lithium salt of 2 million tons / year, 5,000 tons of lithium chloride per year, lithium 500 tons / year, 200 tonnes of high purity lithium / year, material lithium 30 tons / year, and other lithium compounds, 490 tons / production capacity this year. Salt Lake Zabuye Zhongba County, Shigatse in Tibet, it is the world’s known resources of more than three megatons Lithium is one of the great salt lake, the brine surface, intergranular brine and solid mineral include carbonate Lithium, sony vgp-bps9 , total reserves of up to 2.4663 million tons. Which only the surface to control the economic base of brine reserves reached 704.1 thousand tons, the amount of lithium resources in China ranks first.

    Statistics show that the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet is located in the Qaidam Basin, rich in potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium, boron and other mineral resources, including magnesium chloride 3.1 billion tons, representing about 99% of the country to maintain reserves, lithium chloride nearly 14 million tonnes, representing 83% of countries maintain reserves. In early 2007, human West taijnar Qinghai CITIC Guoan Technology Development Corporation-Project tons of lithium carbonate was officially put into production in Qaidam Basin, the taijnar West Lake has become an important production base for carbonate lithium.

    In addition, the largest China has a wealth of brine magnesium high ratio between lithium treatment in May will be more complex.

    A alleged that hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicle batteries and other applications of lithium demand will continue to grow. At the current demand for speed, world supply would meet in 1775, the Salar de Atacama in Chile was 6.9 million tonnes of recoverable lithium, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia has 5.5 million tons of lithium recoverable.

    Lithium Jiangxi Province New Energy and Industrial Base, November 17, 2009 in Jiangxi Province, Yichun city park open. The nation of the first base of the lithium battery industry, Yichun play three years of its lithium carbonate caused by the largest production base in Asia, five power one year period play caused by the lithium the largest production base in China. Yichun, Jiangxi province has the largest in the world is mine lithium is now proven recoverable reserves of lithium oxide is 110 million tonnes, representing 31% of the country, representing 12% of the world, and good use of resources, Yichun’s “Lithium industry is incredibly. inspiron 1501 battery, It is understood that the lithium battery of the first industrial country basis, the planning area of 20 square kilometers (30,000 acres), there are already new energy sources in the United States, the Chinese house, Foster and other energy projects in more than 20 lithium-signed enrollment contracts signed in funding over 10 billion yuan. Lithium cope with future development of the industry is expected to development objectives is divided into three stages: 2009 ~ 2012, output power, lithium energy industries and new endeavor to 8.0 billion before the end of 2012, 2013 and 2015, industry lithium CLP new energy begins to take shape, and seek the year before the end of 2015, the production value of 300 billion yuan from 2016 to 2020, formed a relatively complete set of cluster energy lithium new industry, and we’re trying to break the end of 2020 the output value of 100 billion yuan the previous year.

Third-CPV method for generating solar electricity is becoming the center of the field. The photovoltaic power generation has experienced the first generation of crystalline silicon cells and second-generation thin-film battery, the process of industrialization will gradually present systems to highly efficient power generation CPV. Compared to the previous two generations of cell multi-junction III-V CPV composed of cells, inspiron 2600 battery , with an absorption spectral important advantages of high conversion efficiency and small size required for the battery to a relatively cheap alternative to cooling device expensive semiconductor materials in the production of electricity on a large scale can be effectively applied to reduce costs, reduce energy consumption.

CPV systems have advantages and performance at high temperature conversion rates. Theoretical conversion efficiency of silicon cells about 23%, single-junction GaAs cells theoretical conversion efficiency up to 27%, multi-junction III-V on the batteries of the family of spectra ‘absorption of a more comprehensive, its conversion rate can theoretically exceed 50%. Even taking into account the condenser and the tracking error resulting from the loss, the current CPV system conversion efficiency up to 25% higher than the cell current commercially available crystalline silicon to about 17% of conversion efficiency. In addition, GaAs attenuation performance of the Department of battery temperature is higher than silicon cells, more appropriate for the high desert sun.

Production process of CPV systems more energy efficient, environmentally friendly. 417066-001 , Collapse several large smaller area of photovoltaic cells required up to several hundreds of times HCPV systems, these cell size can be converted size field of energy conversion devices.

Amount of savings in semiconductor materials, while reducing the production cost of solar energy systems and energy, making energy CPV is a recovery period shorter.

Become cost competitive CPV power and greater potential for cost reduction. With CPV technology is more mature, and the expansion of production scale can be achieved during the year 2010 has great potential to reduce the levelized cost of electricity (PMOD) lower than the crystalline silicon cell and thin film. In the future, if the production equipment for solar energy production of a carbon tax is levied, PCV recovery period will be extended to only 1 ~ 2 months, the crystalline silicon and thin film batteries s’ extend more than 1 year, when the relative cost advantages of the CPV will be more pronounced.

CPV will be a long term and the crystalline silicon cells, thin films co-exist. CPV because of the complexity of the system more applicable to large-scale photovoltaic power plants can be used to obtain a unified method of control and cooling systems. The crystalline silicon and thin-film batteries better suited to small systems of domestic and commercial energy in the long run, CPV will not completely replace the crystalline silicon and thin film market of the battery, pa3480u-1brs , as the thin film batteries can not replace completely the same crystalline silicon cells.

Size of the market with high growth potential. CPV less than 200MW currently installed worldwide, is expected in the coming years, with the technological advantages and benefits of implementation costs, market size will grow explosively in the next 10 years the average growth rate year is expected to more than 40%. In 2020, the sector’s output value up to 500 billion yuan. Currently, only a small demonstration plant to power in China in the future, as the capacity of PV and CPV will also gradually open the market.

CSP will also gradually in large scale applications. CSP system is mainly generated by the solar concentrator for the use of heat, CSP although without the use of photovoltaic cells, but still needs a lot of condenser optics. Install new capacity in 2015 should reach 5.5GW.

The applicable domestic, listed companies. Currently, there are no hardware manufacturers mature CPV, a strong dependence on imports.

Apart from the listed companies, MACRO, three-year opto-electronics, and Kazakhstan all have manufacturing operations CPV-tech, new Huaguang, crystal optoelectronics, thinkpad r40 battery  , photovoltaics is Lida condenser capacity optical the future is expected CPV and CSP markets of high-speed expansion of the service.

The energy as a recurring theme was a concern for the world, as the chemical energy of polymer lithium-ion technology has been advanced by foreign monopolies. Studio 1737 battery , To this end, Eastern Health and the basis of energy in China, the development of innovative use of self-designed equipment, made of materials, independent of the patent of the diaphragm to create a product World Class

Stock movements associated

The new century, new hope for 40.44 +0.451.13% 12.61% +0.120.96 fully Chinese-made lithium-polymer high-quality ion. In 2009, the company has invested nearly one billion by Nissan 500000Ah in the high line battery production.

Weihai Dong-sheng energy is a professional engaged in the “cellular state” lithium-ion polymer battery pack of high-tech research and development, production and sales. The company has d ‘ a comprehensive research and management mechanism of technological innovation, the company and the Russian Far East Technical University, St. Petersburg Prometheus Materials Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University jointly established a center research. In R & D, production, marketing and after-sales service and management mechanisms have a strong reserve force,sony vgp-bps8 ,  has formed an electrochemical technology, new materials technologies, electronic circuits and computer technology as the direction of leading R & D, production, sales as the core of industrial chain.

Innovation and development of science and technology are the main productive forces

Science and technology first, people-centered philosophy is the development company, focused on corporate team-building, independent intellectual property rights, the advanced international technology, the national initiative constitutes the first use of organic and inorganic composite membrane business technology to achieve high-end features of safety and functionality. In special for the environment at low temperature, high-performance security, power, high power soon placed the company’s products have demonstrated benefits, Dong-Sheng energy products, a number of patented membrane technology was registered as a scientific and technological national. Has received numerous awards in recognition of scientific and technological innovation, the products passed the CE, UL, UN.38, CCC, CPT, ISO9001 and other international organizations, national authorities and other assessment. 372772-001

Innovative product:

1 membrane with independent intellectual property patents isolation so that the battery to reach a new high security features, even in a severe cut, puncture, after hammering the battery voltage is as good. (See photo)

2, using a special system designed for multi-battery temperature range extended (-50 ℃ ~ 80 ℃) good resistance to low temperature.

3, using a structural model and unique assembly technology surface treatment fluid for fast charging the battery quick-release features greatly improved. To discharge rate. In the above products, product performance of the company plays an irreplaceable status.

Low emission of carbon, alternative energy sources to promote the national car industry must

The implementation of new energy projects is in line with the country’s energy security and strategic needs of environmental protection, scarcity of energy resources in oil today, as development Blood economic power has been directly linked to the strategic security of the national economy.thinkpad t40 battery ,  Currently, the energy industry has become the new developed and developing countries competing for the strategic industry of the new century an important symbol of the overall strength of domestic industries.

Electric Vehicle State “Shier Wu,” The sense key driver of discount subsidy to encourage car manufacturers a way to monitor the adoption of the 20 cities in 100 Taiwan bus power, in the last three years, demand for battery power market are a bit beyond 10 billion by 2015 could reach about the past hundreds of billions of market share.

Carbon emissions have become a global center, while car pollution of the social environment more and more serious became a significant reduction targets for reducing emissions of greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, the automotive industry in the world of developed countries, cycle emissions of carbon dioxide each year to clear standards to reduce emissions. This shows that electric vehicles to replace vehicles with internal combustion engine on the environment and reduce consumption of conventional energy sources have an important role in developing the production of electric vehicles is already a social development and economic security of major strategic issues. To meet the requirements of electric vehicles, considered the core of the electric car, fpcbp95 ,  the battery is the key. Polymer-lithium-ion battery is the high level of battery technology, it will be the emergence of China is an essential driver technology and automotive products.

In 2010, the company will take this opportunity, planning and domestic and foreign car manufacturers to work closely and actively promote the hybrid vehicle the pace of development will be completed with the bus 100 corresponding battery power (EV ) and the hybrid battery-300 sets (HEV).

Believe that large-scale production will be lithium-polymer of the China-ion batteries for a new starting point. Powered vehicle market in the rich harvest the fruits of power cars will play a positive role in promoting.  fpcbp95 , Weihai Dong-sheng energy will contribute to the cause of environmental emissions of China thin edge to become a new bright spot in the industry.

In the production of electric vehicles, irrespective of BYD, or Mercedes-Benz wants to find the best partner. Mercedes-Benz is the business world’s most famous cars, is one of the most experienced of the car, while the BYD electric vehicle technology has also advanced technology, while relying on the world’s largest automotive market. Mercedes-Benz hopes to seize business opportunities in electric cars, the best things introduced to China, inspiron 9300 battery , while BYD must also rely on the powerful Mercedes-Benz R & D experience, a breakthrough in design cars. The partnership, whether or Mercedes-Benz Group, BYD CEO Zetsche, Chairman Wang Chuanfu consider themselves to find the best partner.

Cooperation is not accidental. Daimler is a zero-emission drive systems architecture developed by leading companies. It is reported that Mercedes-Benz introduced the electric version of the chip and plans to introduce a pure electric version of this year, Mercedes-Benz A-Class. BYD entered the cell area in 1995, with the technology leader in production of batteries, since 2003, to enter the automotive sector for five consecutive years since the rapid growth of the most rapidly growing Chinese automotive industry. BYD December 2008 Launch of the world’s first bi-vehicle electric F3DM will soon introduce a pure electric vehicles E6. sony vgp-bps8

Electric cars will become the largest zero of the global market for automotive emissions, Daimler-in electric vehicle structure and safety technology and patented BYD vehicle batteries and drive technology is a combination perfect. We have reason to believe that Mercedes-Benz and BYD are the prospects for cooperation immeasurable.

With the low carbon travel are growing, light green electric bicycles gradually mere consumers of all ages. But the burgeoning market for the treatment of waste lead-acid battery recycling in the green modes of transport, the burden increasingly heavy. Vostro 1320 battery
Electric bicycle batteries used to solve the problem, Jinan, some companies have begun to replace older Activities Recycling batteries update was well received by consumers. But it remains to be more regular and sustained participation of traders.

With the low carbon travel are growing, light green electric bicycles gradually mere consumers of all ages. But the burgeoning market for the treatment of waste lead-acid battery recycling in the green modes of transport, the burden increasingly heavy. Recently, experts concerned about this interview with this reporter said that the initiative to recycle waste battery acid should form a closed loop system.

Cell contamination can not be neglected

According to the China Bicycle, Bicycle Lu Jinlong, director of the Professional Committee introduced the electric bike industry after 10 years of rapid growth, total sales in 2009 reached 20 million, the country reached 120 million maintain.

China Battery Industry Association, Cao Guoqing, Deputy Secretary-General said that although there is less pollution of the environment of nickel-metal hydride and lithium batteries, pp2182d , but because of battery technology Lead-acid is very mature, and security is good and cheap, so well received by consumers and manufacturers welcome, it is estimated that the current use of lead battery acid for more than 95%.

The journalists also learned that due to pure lead-life battery acid long alloy of lead, many companies are added to the production process of cadmium to extend their useful life. Statistics show that currently the market lead-acid, 80% -90% are cadmium batteries, while a large number of studies have shown that cadmium, a carcinogen. Health hazards of lead are well known. Thus, in the national list of hazardous wastes, waste lead-acid batteries Bangshangyouming.

In fact, batteries lead acid in the production and use of the procedure does not cause pollution, in his lifetime the last link - the recycling area has been the need to carry the stigma of the environment the electric bike.

Recycling is a big problem

Sales of electric bikes more and more about the fire, and not only the large-scale shopping malls, supermarkets, sales, shops on the street is more than grow up like mushrooms. The reporters found that some stores in the high street, not only sell electric bicycles, but also sell batteries, and some stores play a low cost battery permutation signs. sony vgp-bps2 

“Battery electric bike can generally be used in 2012, the trade-in battery can be replaced as part of a new battery to offset the cost of waste can also be sold to close the hawker.” The very fact that often ride electric bicycle, told Reporters Each group spent batteries can be Maihao tens of dollars to that person not only casts, but also guard against someone stealing the battery. But she said that after the recycling of old batteries do not know how to deal with it.

Reporter asked about the number of bike shops electric specialty retailers have said that the recycling of used batteries are returned to manufacturers for recycling.

However, insiders told reporters, vendors, recovered from old batteries, not all returned to the factory, increasing costs, many of which are hands on-site recycling of batteries sold to vendors. Hawker recycling of used batteries, the fantasy is inside of lead can be used to re-cast. To reduce the weight of transport, an important component of the battery - often arbitrarily threw acid. This has been drained within acid containing zinc, manganese, cadmium and other heavy metals in sewage, pa3191u-4brs , and then infiltrated into the groundwater, the soil will be a loss of water, causing degradation ecological environment, affect human health.

Dismantling of the industry to be supported

Well, to be back for recycling lead-acid battery manufacturer is able to deal properly with it?

It is understood that in addition to the work of recovery is not in place, the decomposition of waste batteries internal to the fusion process is not up to standard.

Experts said the level of lead waste lead-acid batteries, PVC shell, acid, etc., must all crushing, sorting. Business formal discarded lead acid batteries for the camera Dismantling secondary production of lead alloys and lead the production process are in a state sealed vacuum the floor throughout the epoxy anti - corrosion, anti-infiltration to avoid acid corrosion, leaks caused by soil pollution. Weak technical capacity of small foundries because of limited financial resources, primarily using the artificial decomposition of lead and other contaminants can easily leak. At the same time a small foundry in the areas of mergers, the law of harmful gases and residues do not do more to fight against the direct emissions, to produce large quantities of harmful gases and residues. In addition, they use traditional production equipment and back of secondary lead alloy lead preparation process,thinkpad x60 battery ,  the process of producing a large number of direct emissions of smoke and dust, lead dust, causing serious pollution The poisoning took place between the time workers.

Guoqing Cao told reporters that it is estimated that, and now there are about 200 lead-acid battery plant waste, but it reaches a certain size and only twenty or thirty houses, of which there are few companies have the ability to manage properly after the correction of waste lead acid batteries. At the same time, because the environmental cost of informal sector enterprises as small foundry environmental costs are high, so that recovery is to give a corresponding lower prices, they are often faced with dilemmas in the raw materials for recycling .

Received political support from the government, the PV industry developed rapidly over the last ten years, the compound growth rate of 46.8%. PV cells include cells of crystalline silicon and thin-film battery, the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells is much higher than thin-film batteries, latitude d500 battery , but the cost is high, we believe that cells of crystalline silicon at short term will continue to occupy a dominant position.

PV industry demand for space for a huge bottleneck capacity of polycrystalline silicon is more

Solar energy as an inexhaustible clean energy, energy development in the future occupy an important strategic position, leading authorities agree that solar power in 2040 the total production capacity of over 20%. Currently, the development of PV industry is still mainly rely on the government policy of promoting, involved in the debt crisis, the European market from May to shrink, but the United States, Japan and emerging countries, May increase demand for PV. The production capacity of polysilicon in 2010 will gradually complete the liberation of bottlenecks will cease to exist, prices remain low hover polysilicon.

The rapid decline in production cost of photovoltaic energy is expected within 1-2 years of electricity costs will be 1.24 yuan

Photovoltaic solar cells are a major component of costs, prices for polysilicon fall to promote rapid decline in the cost of solar cells, future advances in technology production wafer cutting process of modernization and expansion of scale of Production will promote prices continue to fall polysilicon main force. sony vgp-bpl11 , According to our estimates, taking into full account the cost of components and systems, after declining for the next 1-2 years, electricity costs will be at 1.24 yuan, while the government may provide subsidies to market large scale PV is expected to start.

1, level of battery fluid inspection and other

Battery fluid level should be the upper and lower limits, between 10 million can not be below the lower limit, below the threshold should be added soon. Added should not be re-injected in the diluted sulfuric acid, or batteries will be damaged due to the high concentration of electrolytes. Even less filling tap water, river water and so on.latitude d420 battery ,  Because it contains calcium, magnesium and other ions and impurities. Pricing, the role of these substances by radiation damage adsorbed on the surface of the battery plates. Therefore, we must add water, distilled water, or market, charging the battery popular light (after the effective use of good results). Battery fluid level should be regularly monitored, the general added that a monthly check once a summer, high temperatures, it is recommended to add a half months examination. It should be noted is that for the maintenance free sealed battery and do not need to add liquid, and do not open the closures.

Then check the battery state of charge of pre –

Check the battery voltage is below the standard value, conditional can detect what proportion of the electrolyte is less than 1.28 (20 ℃). To observe the internal battery, if one or more corrosion cells, white trim, or at the bottom of the material accumulation, or deformation of the plates, then the battery must be replaced. If the battery terminal, they are dirty and have been corrosion or oxidation, may be a cleaning brush wire. If cleaning is dirty, corrosive electrolyte can run a little dry surface with water.

3, charging battery

This is a battery maintenance of the most important part, which directly affects battery life. Charging, the current can not be too great, it is recommended not to use the fast charge. Loading, please use the charge current rating of half the size of the current will double the rated load of time. sony vgp-bpl11 , Charging, the batteries in cold water cooling (water or battery 4 / 5). Because the load when the battery in a lot of heat, if not try to heat could lead to plate bending, causing damage to the batteries. Charge Non-Plug sealed battery must be open and airy, away from fire in place to prevent the hydrogen gas generated by the perception of the explosion.

Fourth, after the detection of battery charge

Charging the battery, do not rush to test, should set aside time for 30 minutes after the inspection. Otherwise, it does not accurately reflect the condition of the battery. First, check and correct fluid level, and then use a multimeter (preferably digital multimeter) by measuring its voltage. 12 volts (6 volts) and the battery must be equal to or greater than 12.8 volts (6.4 volts). If less than 12.7 volts (6.3 volts) will also be necessary to continue to charge. If 12 volts (6 volts) The following, then the battery has been damaged and must be replaced. It should be noted that the mode of ignition should not be used to determine the size of short-circuit current can be used with battery with a rated voltage of the headlight bulb with the battery connected, lit for 5 minutes time to observe the lights as the lights dimmed or extinguished obvious, note the battery is damaged and must be replaced. tecra a3 battery 

In addition, the choice of charger is also very important. Charger, variable voltage (current) type, type a constant pressure, the type of constant current, etc., it is preferable not to use the home charger. Pairs of maintenance free sealed battery is preferable to use a special charger. It should be noted, some type of constant pressure, the constant current charger can not provide maintenance-free sealed battery charge.

If we insist on using the method above to perform maintenance on the battery, the battery life may be extended to 2056 a1281

Microsoft CFO Peter Klein data released Tuesday said that so far the company has sold over 90 million games Windows 7 software operating systems, more than 60 million units ago a month, an increase of 50%.TD347

Klein also confirmed that at the end of this month, Microsoft Office release Tech warranty claim. Last month, the company plans to release details of the procedure of this Office to improve the content has been disclosed, the program is designed to maintain sales of Office 2007 will not be released to the Microsoft Office 2010 before the sharp drop .

Microsoft executives have a conference call in February said the current Windows 7 sales primarily in retail and consumer purchases, business purchases have not yet begun on a large scale. Sony VGP-BPS2C , Microsoft began in October last year to sell consumer-oriented Windows 7.